He gave citizenship to many residents of far regions of the Roman Republic. This began Caesar's civil war, which he won, leaving him in a position of near-unchallenged power and influence in 45 BC.Īfter assuming control of government, Caesar began a programme of social and governmental reform, including the creation of the Julian calendar. In 49 BC, Caesar openly defied the Senate's authority by crossing the Rubicon and marching towards Rome at the head of an army.
With the Gallic Wars concluded, the Senate ordered Caesar to step down from his military command and return to Rome.
These achievements and the support of his veteran army threatened to eclipse the standing of Pompey, who had realigned himself with the Senate after the death of Crassus in 53 BC. During this time he both invaded Britain and built a bridge across the river Rhine. Caesar rose to become one of the most powerful politicians in the Roman Republic through a string of military victories in the Gallic Wars, completed by 51 BC, which greatly extended Roman territory. Their attempts to amass political power were opposed by many in the Senate, among them Cato the Younger with the private support of Cicero. In 60 BC, Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey formed the First Triumvirate, an informal political alliance that dominated Roman politics for several years. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and subsequently became dictator from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC.
Gaius Julius Caesar ( / ˈ s iː z ər/, SEE-zər Latin: 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman.
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